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Blog by Paul Golding

Webkit was just for 'fun'

Paul Golding - Tuesday, March 31, 2009

Having ideas is fun

I'm currently planning a book about mobile web technologies and have been doing some historical research. I really enjoyed watching this YUI video of a presentation by Lars Knoll and George Staikos about the origins of KHTML, which became Webkit. I'm sure that most of my readers will know that Webkit is the browser core engine that sits beneath Safari on the iPhone and beneath the S60 browser, among many other mobile browsers.

There are many interesting technical aspects to the KHTML/Webkit story, but what caught my attention in the presentation was Lars justification for coding the KHTML engine from scratch in the first place instead of using Mozilla. He said that it would be more fun to do it themselves - a more interesting project.

This is the fun factor of developing software. There is another version called the fame factor, which I heard discussed by the Oracle rep during the OneAPI seminar at MWC 09.

Sometimes the fun factor is in opposition to the commercial interests, or at least the perceived commercial interests of an organization. I recently worked for someone who warned staff not to engage in 'science projects,' which was another way of saying fun projects that don't have commercial value.

Of course, I totally agree that in industry we are here to make a profit, but the path to profit isn't always obvious and needn't preclude having fun. However, there are still a good number of commercial managers who don't yet seem to understand how innovation, particularly in technology and software, sometimes (often?) works. Essentially, the fun factor has to be embraced as a genuine and valid part of the commercial process. Google allows employees one day a week to work on their own ideas, which seems a smart move. Do you want thousands of people coming up with the ideas, or just a few high priests in marketing?

In my experience, the source of the problem is usually related to control. Managers want to do what they do best, which is to manage. This includes controlling the business processes under their care. Things can only be controlled, at least in one way of thinking, by definition and measurement. Doing something 'for the hell of it,' or because it's fun, can't be defined or measured, so it is often resisted.

In all the chatter recently about app stores, it is always assumed that the developers want to make money. This certainly attracts developers to the iPhone app store - including the gold rush effect. However, the fun factor is still very much present. Many of the apps are free and many brands and sites have produced an iPhone app when they don't really need one - just for 'the fun of it' (translated into other feelings, like 'coolness'). Interestingly, some of the underlying technology - e.g. Webkit - we now know was developed just for the fun of it.

What's your fun strategy? (Sounds like a book title.)

Widgets and ambient computing...

Paul Golding - Friday, March 27, 2009

Mobile Widgets

Many of us are getting accustomed to riding the timeline of Twitter, a form of ambient communication. Other ambient experiences will soon emerge on the mobile, courtesy of widgets. Vodafone (Receiver) are due to publish my essay about ‘seizing the moment’ with widgets, which is an examination of the user experience and the potential impact upon our daily mobile habits, and, by implication, our digital lives. I thought that I would briefly mention some of the technical aspects related to the piece, focussing on the key technical challenges, as I see them.

The key to the  usefulness of widgets will be persistence, or ambience, which is the ability for widgets to run all of the time. Widgets need to run in some kind of container, such as a web runtime. There are various ways to manage persistence, and we eagerly await more details of Palm's WebOS. Technologically speaking, it seems that WebOS apps are akin to web runtime widgets, but with an underlying platform designed from the ground up to handle such apps. What an exciting project that must have been.

Thus far, there are no ways to support ‘background’ processing or push notifications within widget environments. We see that iPhone OS 3.0 now has a push mechanism and it will be fascinating to see how this gets exploited and how if affects our mobile habits.

It isn’t just persistence that matters. It would also be useful to create triggers on the device and then to spawn an appropriate widget in response to a registered event, such as a call or text. Thus far, this method of invocation has not been included in any of the widget environments that I have looked at. Of course, a means to manage triggers and responses to them is required, as is a model to do so. The means are easy to imagine, but the model is slightly more challenging.

The other key to adoption is discoverability. We have seen the success of putting the app store button at the finger tips of the iPhone user and then providing access to apps in a relatively easy fashion. The same needs to happen for widgets generally, across all platforms. It seems that all stake holders are getting involved with promoting widget markets, from platform providers (e.g. Access) and handset manufacturers (e.g. Nokia) through to operators (e.g. Vodafone).

The richness of the widget APIs is also important. For those based on web standards, it is possible to reference all the usual Javascript API candidates, such as Prototype, notwithstanding that widgets do impose a variety of performance and design constraints that the designer needs to be aware of. It isn’t quite ‘everything goes’ in terms of Javascript, DOM and CSS flexibility.

Access to platform APIs is also important, allowing widgets to combine web services with device services. This ‘mash-up’ potential is truly exciting. Moreover, the programming model for widgets supporting AJAX is usually to allow the AJAX calls to any host, which allows for client-side web-services mash-ups. However, operators, it seems, are keen to prevent this. Vodafone, for example, only allows access to a single host from a widget.

The richness of these APIs should be extended further by the operator. I have written many times about possible real-time extensions of mobile web, including the early work I did to combine SIP/IMS with HTTP/Web in a single browser, trying to support a new breed of telco mash-ups with a web front end, easily programmed by webheads. Ignoring the wider IMS concerns, or question marks, there are ways to access IMS services from widgets or web runtimes. I initiated a proof-of-concept project around this theme whilst Chief Architect for Motorola, calling upon Opera to collaborate because of their emergent Opera Platform solution, now defunct. The lack of commercial interesting in IMS apps killed the project back then, but the idea remains valid, but perhaps with other network services.

I’m not sure that I would be that interested in the IMS potential anymore, but any service can be exposed via Javascript APIs, such as videophony, or even a video conferencing platform, allowing developers to innovate with these grossly underused resources. Someone like O2 Litmus should consider offering a set of client-side Javascript APIs to expose the Litmus APIs, or at least some of them, including O2-specific services, like Bluebook (e.g. phonebook and SMS storage).

In summary, widgets have a lot of potential because they allow vast numbers of web developers to innovate on mobiles in new ways. What's needed is a richer environment, as outlined above, to facilitate new kinds of user experience based on ambient services. For further reading on this topic from a user experience perspective, I look forward to posting the URL for the essay I wrote for Vodafone, which will also be available as a podcast. Please check back for more on the publication, or simply follow @pgolding on Twitter to get blog announcements.


I am a mobilist - follow the mobilists Twitter group

Paul Golding - Wednesday, March 25, 2009
For those of you interested in networking with fellow mobilists, you might already know about the Mobilists Group on LinkedIn. It has over 3400 members and the discussions have just started to pick-up, despite LinkedIn's immature discussion tools. There are some really clever, experienced and fanatical folks in the group!

In order to share Twitter IDs between members, we created a Twitter account @i_am_a_mobilist which members can follow and thereby allow others to follow them. It's a way of grouping together Twitter IDs for members of the mobilists group, but any other mobilist is free to follow of course - no one will use the account to spam followers.


See you on Twitter (@pgolding)

Joggler or Chumby? Product or Platform?

Paul Golding - Tuesday, March 24, 2009

O2 Joggler

Continuing with the theme of ambient communications and ambient products, I'd like to compare two ambient products on the market - the O2 Joggler and the Chumby.

In 1998, my mobile design company designed and built one of the first wireless portals ever seen (Zingo portal for Lucent). It was way ahead of its time, as were many of its features, one of which was a messaging service that interacted with a messaging panel on a fridge. Back then, we got a little excited about Internet connected fridges, so we felt that such ambient products were the future.

The fridge wasn't really important, but the concept of interacting with the "home hub" was. The ability to send messages in and out of the home from various mobile family members seemed useful and an obvious thing to do. 

Roll on a few years - about 10 - and digital picture frames have become prevalent. I suggested in an old blog entry back in 2006 that it would be useful to pop a calendar into the frame, especially one used to keep track of family events. My family, for example, have a shared calendar on Google Calendar, but there are about 1001 calendar services out there, perhaps more popular than GC.

In my household, we have a plethora of computers that alway seem switched on, so it's easy to access shared calendars, except ... we don't. I even mounted a laptop right in the heart of the kitchen. It still didn't work. 

As those of us well versed in mobile product design know, there's often a HUGE gulf between the ability to run an application and actually running the application. That's what early detractors of the Blackberry didn't understand. Truly always-on email - ie push - is a very different experience to on-demand email - ie pull. That is, when the app is always running, it gets used by virtue of the "bumped-into effect," which I have blogged about many times. 

When the app needs to be invoked, it often doesn't get used. Obvious, yes, but subtly important.

There is a common objection here, which is to do with the notion of need. Many will say that if you don't have a "i need to access my email every second" problem, then you don't need always-on email. That's not the point. Once exposed to an always-on experience, it can easily become imbibed into the user's daily habits - new habits are formed. Twitter users will have experience this. Migrating from the web presentation to a Twitter client creates a much greater attachment to Twitter. Soon, the Twitter habit is formed and one can't imagine daily digital life without it.

Now the question is whether or not the same experience could occur with an ambient device in the kitchen. Is there a device, that once connected, once fired up, once used by its family owners, will become incorporated into the daily habits of digital home living?

I believe that there is, although the exact formula has yet to be uncovered. Amstrad tried it not so long ago with their Internet phone. I even tried one of those in an attempt to get my wife more habitually plumbed into email - she had a tendency not to check email for long periods of time, which caused various problems (at least in my view). It didn't solve the problem for a number of reasons. Upping the budget a bit, I eventually got her a Blackberry. Problem solved. (And now she has an iPhone.)

BUT! Family calendaring still remains an issue.

Enter the O2 Joggler and the Chumby. They are both ambient devices intended to be switch on and accessible all of the time, which, we can imagine, means somewhere in the kitchen if it is to be a family-centric experience. This is certainly O2's positioning for the product, which is advertised under the rubric of "O2 Family."

The devices are similar in concept. Notionally, one could describe them as digital picture frames with the addition of a calendar. HOWEVER, that is where the similarity ends. And, I believe, there is an important lesson here in what we have been talking and blogging about for some time in the mobile 2.0 world, which is the difference between a product and a platform.

As far as can be gleaned from the O2 website, the Joggler's main feature is its shared calendar function, which has various bells and whistles, such as text message reminders and text-message submission of new entries. There are features to import photos, get traffic info, weather etc, as described on the media release for the device.

On the other hand, the Chumby offers something that the Joggler doesn't, which is support for a developer community via its widgets technology (based on Flash Lite). There are already some 1000 widgets in the catalogue, including 17 (when I checked) calendar widgets and 32 photo widgets (including Flickr and all the popular gallery sites). I can certainly use it to access our shared family Google calendar, which already has text or email alerts built in.

In other words, the Chumby guys have created a content platform, not just a device. In the words of Stephen Tomlin, their CEO: "Chumby brings new capabilities to connected devices by streaming always-on, always-fresh personalized Internet content to consumers."

They have created a developer commnuity by leveraging a well-known development environment - Flash Lite - and an emergent delivery mechanism - i.e. widgets. You can even create virtual Chumbys just for fun (because Flash widgets will play in the browser). Here's mine, showing real-time search of "mobile" in the Twitter timeline, upcoming events from Yahoo Upcoming, and random pictures from Flickr public RSS, but these could obviously be from my pics.


iPhone OS 3.0 and Ambient Communication

Paul Golding - Thursday, March 19, 2009
No need to rattle on about the iPhone OS 3.0 news. What can one say about 1000 new APIs - that's ONE THOUSAND! I think they're being a little artistic with how an API is delimited, but nonetheless, it seems that the OS is headed to a whole new level.

Having recently written a piece called "Riding the timeline with widgets" for Vodafone's Receiver, I'm excited by the push-notification model in the new OS release. AT LAST, this means that we can approach the always-on applications experience.

Twitter is an obvious, and interesting example. I don't want to know about Tweets (especially with @pgolding or some hash tag I'm tracking) the next time I run Tweetie, or whatever my latest iPhone Twitter client is. I WANT THEM THAT SECOND!

WAIT A MINUTE! ....
I can hear something.....
Yes, those familiar reverberations of the "don't get it" gang.

They say - "But, you don't NEED your tweets that second, do you?"

Boy oh boy, have we been round this loop a few dozen times. Just like those who used to tell me when I was designing push email systems (BEFORE Blackberry did it - and their 'obvious' patent stung like a kick in the backside) - "Yeah, but you don't NEED push email - you can just check it whenever you want (i.e. using POP3)."

Now, I'm not going to bore most of my mobile-savvy readers with Moore's "Whole Product" story, which is to say that PHONE + POP3 CLIENT does NOT equal useful mobile email experience, which DOES NOT equal whole product. Similarly, Twitter client SWITCHED OFF + iPhone does NOT equal satisfactory Twitter experience.

Twitter is a seizing-the-moment application that works best on a seizing-the-moment machine - i.e. a mobile - when it is ALWAYS ON. Therefore, a push notification service is a MINIMUM level of platform support to achieve the level of ambient communication that Twitter brings.

Now, I am convinced that before long we shall see a whole raft of innovation around the ambient comms theme, what I call communication at the speed of thought. I can think of several apps right now and how sorely I'd love to build them and wished that I still ran a mobile software company with a few developers at my disposal.

I predict that the iPhone OS will soon support widgets that have a fully-fledged "push" mechanism (and programming model) more akin to background processing - as far as that can go on current mobiles without the battery and comms drainage problem. For more on that story, see my slide deck about the real-time future of mobile web.

Presentation to O2 about Virtual Worlds

Paul Golding - Tuesday, March 17, 2009
Yesterday I was at the O2 Innovation Day and gave a presentation about virtual worlds. It was somewhat contrived because I was asked to present a quick pitch as though I were asking for funding, Dragon's Den style. The session was designed to provoke discussion and thought. I was 'competing' against 3 other panelists, who presented about mHealth, portable display technologies and embedded video advertising.

The use cases for 'mobilizing' virtual worlds are endless, but the focus of the judges was on the business models and harmonisation with the existing O2 brand. There was a feeling that virtual worlds and augmented reality value chains are forming anyway and that O2 had nothing to add to those value chains. However, two of the judges thought that some limited investment was worthwhile in order to 'test the water' with virtual worlds, given how important they might become, especially for the "Net Generation."

The Dragon's Den style didn't really work as a means to explore emerging technologies and business opportunities. As you probably know, the DD format focusses heavily on the short-term financial returns, which is in tension with a longer term emerging idea. I felt that it would have been better to divide the audience in half and for each topic ask one side of the room to advocate the idea and the other half to reject it. This would have livened the debate and opened the mind a little.

In a quick straw poll during my pitch, I asked how many of the audience had kids who were members of virtual worlds. Many hands went up. I asked how many of the audience were in virtual worlds and only two hands were raised. Given the age of the audience, this was not surprising (and see the wonderful radar chart from K Zero about virtual world demographics).

Anyhow, here are my slides. Feel free to comment. The actual topic, the use cases and the business models are quite vast, so this is just a tiny snapshot to provoke the audience. I plan to add voice later this week.

(p.s. - Telefonica were showing Second Life and avatar projects last year at MWC and have done some VR research in Barcelona. It is worth noting that the interest in SL has declined after last year's hype. Indeed, SL subs are supposedly flattening out. However, SL is really a distraction from what's been happening with the tween/teen interest in virtual worlds, which has exploded, even in this past year.)


Is that my virtual room in your hand?

Paul Golding - Friday, March 13, 2009
Continuing the virtual and augmented reality theme for this week, take a look at this demo of real-time graphics overlay with position tracking. Now, imagine that you're given a card by a friend - and that card is a room in Small Worlds, or some other virtual world.


There are numerous demos like this around, and even developer kits to get you started (like Papervision 3D). And, where's all the attention now being focussed for these interactive AR apps? Yep. You've guessed it - the mobile phone. Take a look at Kweekies running on an Asus Windows Mobile device.


Does it run on an iPhone? Yes - and no. The current issue with the iPhone SDK is that there's no (official) API into the video. But, things are still possible:


Virtual world ATM on my phone (Zong)

Paul Golding - Thursday, March 12, 2009
One of the coolest integrations of a mobile payment system inside a virtual world is the Zong ATM machine shown in Small Worlds. Here I am standing next to the ATM. Clicking on the ATM takes me to a payment screen where I can get a PIN sent to me phone via P-SMS. I enter the PIN to claim my gold! Virtual world, virtual currency, paid for by real money via my mobile. Augmented reality or augmented virtuality?




Google Voice - another step towards Operator 2.0

Paul Golding - Thursday, March 12, 2009
So, Google finally went somewhere interesting with their Grand Central service and have re-launched it as Google Voice, another step towards Google offering all the Operator 2.0 services that operators are mostly still only thinking about.

As I've said to so many of my operator and OEM clients, it's much easier for Google - a platform player - to become an 'operator' than it is for an operator to become a platform player, although BT are obviously headed in the right direction. They were headed there already, but will probably do better now that they've hired Telco 2.0 brainiac Martin Geddes.

Google Voice includes voicemail-to-text transcript. I still expect Google to launch a voice-services API in The Cloud, but let's see. When, and if, they do, it will enable a whole range of interesting voice mash-ups. It will also be a serious threat to various niche players like Spinvox and others building their wares on voice recognition technologies.

The size of the virtual world population

Paul Golding - Wednesday, March 11, 2009
In my research into virtual worlds, I needed to confirm the anecdotal evidence I already had that virtual worlds are an increasingly important meeting place for tweeners and the iGeneration. I had overheard so many kids in the local family gym planning their liaisons in one virtual world or another.

"Meet me on Snow Globe at 2pm," says one child to another. And I'm guessing they're talking icebergs in Club Penguin.

For more detailed research about the population of virtual worlds, I turned to virtual worlds expert Nic Mitham of K Zero. Nic and his cohorts have to produce one of the coolest charts I've ever seen, which is their radar charts of the virtual worlds metaverse.

As you might expect, the growth in virtual worlds is quite impressive. This is what I expected. I recently designed my own virtual world concept (aided by my 3 kids) and contacted my old friend Fawad Akram from Bigwig Media (of Scruffs fame). He told me that virtual worlds are all the talk at any games conference and that there must be 'hundreds, if not thousands, in production.'

What's fascinating about all these virtual worlds is how they pose all the same problems and opportunities that we have in the real world. There are boundaries to be crossed (i.e. moving from one world to another), goods to be sold and exchanged, even currencies to be handled! God forbid that we ever end up with banks in these places. It seems they did a good (bad) enough job already of handling virtual products.

All of these problems present opportunities - platform 2.0 opportunities that span web and mobile. For sure, it won't be long before virtual worlds drive a new flurry of interest in mobile applications, just as social networks have recently done, pushing demand for mobile data services and related applications.

Today we have Facebook phones (e.g. INQ1) and Facebook tariffs. Tomorrow we will have mobilizations of Club Penguin, Habbo Hotel and Star Doll, I'm certain of it.

But this is no passing fad, no sideshow. The virtualization of the web as an idea is a no-brainer. Who will do it and how it will happen remains to be seen. It's an open frontier on the web.

There is a large opportunity for aggregation and virtual world services. Can operators cease the opportunity? Virtual worlds are places to meet, places to connect. Connectivity is the business that operators are supposedly in.